I’m not sure, but I think the windows progress bar thingy includes the time spent actually writing to disk, whereas on Linux (or i guess cinnamon) only shows when it gets to disk-cache. If you are full on RAM or tried shutting down immediately afterwards it should take a bit longer since it has to actually write it to disk

Thats my guess anyway

Ohh I gotcha. Honestly no sweat, its kind of just a bit of fun trivia really :)

Interesting, I have not heard of these terms before. Thanks for sharing!

I think this adds the bit of nuance that was bugging me: using something like ncurses or vim, presumably when you press a key like ctrl-z or ctrl-d it actually sends the character to the app. It would feel a bit silly if the terminal intercepted the ctrl-d, flushed some buffer, and the program had to reverse engineer whether you pressed ctrl-d or enter or something.

For raw mode, I assume the app asks the tty to please forward some characters to the app. Otherwise, in the default cooked mode, the tty intercepts those control characters to call certain functions. I suppose some REPLs may choose to emulate a cooked mode on top of raw mode, and so they have to handle the \x04 in the same way a tty would to keep it functioning like the user expects. I believe readline does something like this, which is why you had to use bash --noediting for ctrl-d to run the command. Good food for thought :)

I also have to say, naming it “cooked mode” is extremely funny as gen z. I love that

$ cat
You sound very nice :)
You sound very nice :)
Bye<ctl-d>Bye

Oh wait, and cool too
Oh wait, and cool too
<ctl-d>
$ 

The Ctl-D didn’t end the file when i typed “Bye” :( it only worked when I pressed Ctl-D on its own line. So how does cat know that it should ignore the EOF character if there is some text that comes before it?

What Ctl-D does is flush the input to the program, and the program sees how big that input is. If the length of the input is 0 that is interpreted as EOF. So Ctl-D is like Enter because they both flush the input, but Ctl-D is unlike Enter because it does not append a newline before flushing, and as a consequence you can send empty input (aka an EOF “character”) with Ctl-D.

On any reasonable terminal, RETURN has a key of its own

This reminds me of a time at work when I was not on a reasonable terminal. I was explaining to a co-worker how I automated some tasks by running some scripts, but in my demo my RETURN key didn’t work, so I had to improvise and use CTRL+M which worked, hahaha. I don’t know how the terminal got in such a bad spot but it was probably something to do with msys on Windows… honestly not sure. It was perfect timing to have happen while teaching of course ;)

I would also be doing a disservice not to share what the book you linked says about CTRL+D. Right after your quote, it says:

Other control characters include ctl-d, which tells a program that there is no more input

This is pretty good for an introduction, but it is not the full story. It explains CTRL+D properly later (chapter 2, page 45):

Now try something different: type some characters and then a ctl-d rather than a RETURN:

$ cat -u
123<ctl-d>123

cat prints the characters out immediately. ctl-d says, “immediately send the characters I have typed to the program that is reading from my terminal.” The ctl-d itself is not sent to the program, unlike a newline. Now type a second ctl-d, with no other characters:

$ cat -u
123<ctl-d>123<ctl-d>$

The shell responds with a prompt, because cat read no characters, decided that meant end of file, and stopped. ctl-d sends whatever you have typed to the program that is reading from the terminal. If you haven’t typed anything, the program will therefore read no characters, and that looks like the end of the file. That is why typing ctl-d logs you out — the shell sees no more input. Of course, ctl-d is usually used to signal an end-of-file but it is interesting that it has a more general function.

This is why the article says it’s “like pressing enter,” because it flushes the input just like enter. The difference is that enter sends a newline, but CTRL+D does not, so you can exploit that to send no data (and the program chooses to interpret that as an EOF).

not true. try this:

$ date<C-d>

bash did not terminate stdin, because when i press enter it still runs the command, and my shell continues to work as normal!

you can also try this:

$ bash --noediting
$ date<C-d><C-d>

and it will print the date.

so something else is happening here! thats what the link talks about in detail

Aw man :( Asahi Lina and her GPU project has been an inspiration for me. Hope she is alright.